List and discuss the types of hacker crimes.
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Phone Phreaking
This historical practice involves manipulating telephone networks, often to make unauthorized free calls or gain system access. Early methods included mimicking control tones.
Malware Attacks
This involves creating and distributing malicious software like worms and viruses. Such attacks disrupt computer operations, gather sensitive information, or enable unauthorized system access. Consequences include data corruption and widespread network compromise.
Unauthorized Intrusion and Data Theft
This crime involves gaining unauthorized access to computer systems or networks. The primary objective is often data theft, including intellectual property, financial records, or personally identifiable information, which supports espionage or financial fraud.
Vandalism and Defacement
This involves unauthorized alteration or destruction of data, particularly website content. Motivations are often notoriety, protest, or simple disruption, rather than direct financial gain.
Hacktivism
Hacktivism merges hacking with activism, employing cyberattacks to advance political or social agendas. Common tactics include website defacement, denial-of-service attacks, and information leaks.
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